
Search

Micronutrient fortification levels and costs

Nutrient	Chemical Compound	Levels Added			Cost** US$ per MT of fortified flour
Nutrient	Chemical Compound	As nutrient ppm	As compound gram/MT	As % of RDA per 100g	Cost** US$ per MT of fortified flour
Iron*	Elemental Reduced Iron Electrolytic Reduced Iron Ferrous Sulfate Ferrous Fumarate Sodium Iron EDTA	50 50 25 25 15	52 51 78 78 111	14% women 31% men 25% children	0.12 0.16 -0.36 0.14 0.31 0.96
Zinc	Zinc Oxide	15 - 25	19 - 31	15% - 25%	0.04 - 0.07
Calcium	Calcium Sulfate Calcium Carbonate	1 - 2 g/kg	4400 - 8700 2500 - 5000	10% - 20%	0.57 - 1.14 0.55 - 1.10
Selenium	Sodium Selenate	0.1 - 0.2	0.2 - 0.5	18% - 36%	0.01
Iodine	Calcium Iodate	0.2 - 0.4	0.3 - 0.7	13% - 27%	0.01
Folate	Folic acid	1.5 - 2.2	1.7 - 2.5	38% - 55%	0.06 - 0.08
Vitamin B1	Thiamin Mononitrate	2 - 5	2 - 5	17% - 42%	0.04 - 0.10
Vitamin B2	Riboflavin	2 - 4	2 - 4	15% - 31%	0.07 - 0.14
Niacin	Niacin (Nicotinic Acid) Niacinamide	20 - 50	20 - 50	13% - 33%	0.15 - 0.37 0.16 - 0.39
Vitamin B6	Pyridoxine Hydrochloride	3.2	3.8	25%	0.16
Vitamin B12	Cyanocobalamine, 1%	0.01	1.0	42%	0.17
Vitamin A	250SD Palmitate	5 - 10 IU/g		17% - 33%	0.78 - 1.54
Vitamin D	Vitamin D3, 100 SD	0.4 IU/g		20%	0.08
Vitamin C	Ascorbic Acid	15 - 50		(2% - 7%)	0.06 - 0.22

Source: Fortification Handbook

Source: WHO/FAO Guidelines on Food Fortification with Micronutrients